See proximate on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "close",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"translation": "close",
"word": "distant"
},
{
"word": "far"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “w.r.t. causes”",
"word": "ultimate"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "inproximate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "interproximate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nonproximate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "proximate cause"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "proximately"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "proximateness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "proximate principle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "proximative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unproximate"
}
],
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[
"*prokʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷe"
],
[
"*prokʷism̥mos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷism̥mos"
],
[
"proximus",
"proximus#Latin"
],
[
"proximō",
"proximo#Latin"
],
[
"proximātus",
"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximātus",
"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximāre",
"proximare#Latin"
],
[
"proximus",
"proximus#Latin"
],
[
"prope",
"prope#Latin"
]
],
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},
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"4": "",
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"name": "etymon"
}
],
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{
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151,
160
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"ref": "1681, Thomas Burnet, “The Deluge and Dissolution of the Earth”, in The Theory of the Earth, 3rd edition, London: R. N[orton], translation of Telluris Theoria Sacra, published 1697, page 73:",
"text": "And writing a Theory of the Deluge here, as we do, we were to exhibit a Series of causes whereby it might be made intelligible, or to shew^([sic]) the proximate Natural Causes of it; […]",
"type": "quotation"
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"ref": "1857, John Scandrett Harford, The Life of Michael Angelo Buonarroti, 2nd edition, London: Longman & Roberts, published 1858, page 154:",
"text": "[…] the basis of a reformed constitution was laid, by the appointment of a grand council, consisting of all such citizens as could prove that their proximate ancestors had shared in the offices or honours of the state.",
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"ref": "2019 March 11, Nick Kotsopoulos, quoting John Kelly, “Worcester plan aims to stop owners from paving front lawns”, in Worcester Telegram:",
"text": "The proposed changes recognize that adequate off-street parking is an important, and often challenging, issue in many residential neighborhoods, and attempt to balance the need for off-street parking with appropriate limitations, especially in areas visible from the street or proximate to neighboring properties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"Close or closest; adjacent."
],
"id": "en-proximate-en-adj-oHLxauw1",
"links": [
[
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"close"
],
[
"closest",
"closest"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"sense": "close",
"word": "near"
}
],
"tags": [
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],
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{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "naj-blizăk",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "най-близък"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "nær"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "proxime"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "bliski"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bližájšij",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "ближа́йший"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "adjacent",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sméžnyj",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"translation": "adjacent",
"word": "сме́жный"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 1 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "yakın",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "یاقین"
}
]
},
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"text": "The proximate cause of the damage must be established.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Immediately preceding or following in a chain of causation."
],
"id": "en-proximate-en-adj-TimbOGYe",
"links": [
[
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"law#English"
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],
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"(law) Immediately preceding or following in a chain of causation."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
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"About to take place; impending."
],
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"links": [
[
"impending",
"impending"
]
],
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 98",
"sense": "about to take place",
"word": "imminent"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "in the offing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pending"
}
],
"word": "proximate"
}
{
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"*prokʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷe"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷism̥mos"
],
[
"proximus",
"proximus#Latin"
],
[
"proximō",
"proximo#Latin"
],
[
"proximātus",
"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximātus",
"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximāre",
"proximare#Latin"
],
[
"proximus",
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],
[
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"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate\nFrom Late Latin proximātus, past participle of proximāre (“to draw near, approach”), from Latin proximus (“nearest”), superlative of prope (“near”).",
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"tags": [
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}
],
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"_dis": "23 4 25 48",
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],
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],
"id": "en-proximate-en-noun-DkHmYvP8",
"links": [
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"linguistics"
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[
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"grammatical"
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[
"marker",
"marker"
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[
"salient",
"salient"
],
[
"referent",
"referent"
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[
"obviative",
"obviative"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A grammatical marker that distinguishes a relatively salient referent in a given context from a relatively non-salient (obviative) one."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "approximate"
},
{
"word": "approximation"
},
{
"word": "approximator"
},
{
"word": "proximity"
},
{
"word": "obviative"
}
],
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"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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]
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"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
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]
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{
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"tags": [
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{
"forms": [
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"form": "proximāte",
"tags": [
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"2": "verb form",
"head": "proximāte"
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"word": "proximō"
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{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "close",
"sense": "antonym(s) of",
"translation": "close",
"word": "distant"
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{
"word": "far"
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{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “w.r.t. causes”",
"word": "ultimate"
}
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"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "inproximate"
},
{
"word": "interproximate"
},
{
"word": "nonproximate"
},
{
"word": "proximate cause"
},
{
"word": "proximately"
},
{
"word": "proximateness"
},
{
"word": "proximate principle"
},
{
"word": "proximative"
},
{
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}
],
"etymology_links": [
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"*prokʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷe"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷism̥mos"
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[
"proximus",
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[
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"proximo#Latin"
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[
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"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
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"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximāre",
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[
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],
[
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"prope#Latin"
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*prokʷe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*prokʷism̥mos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"proximus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"proximō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"proximātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proximate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"proximate\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "proximātus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin proximātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "proximus",
"4": "",
"5": "nearest"
},
"expansion": "Latin proximus (“nearest”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:proximātus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate\nFrom Late Latin proximātus, past participle of proximāre (“to draw near, approach”), from Latin proximus (“nearest”), superlative of prope (“near”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "proximate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
151,
160
]
],
"ref": "1681, Thomas Burnet, “The Deluge and Dissolution of the Earth”, in The Theory of the Earth, 3rd edition, London: R. N[orton], translation of Telluris Theoria Sacra, published 1697, page 73:",
"text": "And writing a Theory of the Deluge here, as we do, we were to exhibit a Series of causes whereby it might be made intelligible, or to shew^([sic]) the proximate Natural Causes of it; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
148,
157
]
],
"ref": "1857, John Scandrett Harford, The Life of Michael Angelo Buonarroti, 2nd edition, London: Longman & Roberts, published 1858, page 154:",
"text": "[…] the basis of a reformed constitution was laid, by the appointment of a grand council, consisting of all such citizens as could prove that their proximate ancestors had shared in the offices or honours of the state.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
277,
286
]
],
"ref": "2019 March 11, Nick Kotsopoulos, quoting John Kelly, “Worcester plan aims to stop owners from paving front lawns”, in Worcester Telegram:",
"text": "The proposed changes recognize that adequate off-street parking is an important, and often challenging, issue in many residential neighborhoods, and attempt to balance the need for off-street parking with appropriate limitations, especially in areas visible from the street or proximate to neighboring properties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Close or closest; adjacent."
],
"links": [
[
"Close",
"close"
],
[
"closest",
"closest"
],
[
"adjacent",
"adjacent"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"text": "The proximate cause of the damage must be established.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Immediately preceding or following in a chain of causation."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Immediately preceding or following in a chain of causation."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"About to take place; impending."
],
"links": [
[
"impending",
"impending"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-proximate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/En-proximate.ogg/En-proximate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/En-proximate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɔk.sɪ.mət/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "close",
"word": "near"
},
{
"word": "nigh"
},
{
"sense": "about to take place",
"word": "imminent"
},
{
"word": "in the offing"
},
{
"word": "pending"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "naj-blizăk",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "най-близък"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "nær"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "proxime"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "bliski"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bližájšij",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "ближа́йший"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "adjacent",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sméžnyj",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"translation": "adjacent",
"word": "сме́жный"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "yakın",
"sense": "close or closest; adjacent",
"word": "یاقین"
}
],
"word": "proximate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*prokʷe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷe"
],
[
"*prokʷism̥mos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/prokʷism̥mos"
],
[
"proximus",
"proximus#Latin"
],
[
"proximō",
"proximo#Latin"
],
[
"proximātus",
"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximātus",
"proximatus#Latin"
],
[
"proximāre",
"proximare#Latin"
],
[
"proximus",
"proximus#Latin"
],
[
"prope",
"prope#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:proximātus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*prokʷe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*prokʷism̥mos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"proximus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"proximō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"proximātus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"proximate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"proximate\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "proximātus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin proximātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "proximus",
"4": "",
"5": "nearest"
},
"expansion": "Latin proximus (“nearest”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la-lat:proximātus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷe\nProto-Indo-European *prokʷism̥mos\nLatin proximus\nLatin proximō\nLate Latin proximātusder.\nEnglish proximate\nFrom Late Latin proximātus, past participle of proximāre (“to draw near, approach”), from Latin proximus (“nearest”), superlative of prope (“near”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "proximates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "proximate (plural proximates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "approximate"
},
{
"word": "approximation"
},
{
"word": "approximator"
},
{
"word": "proximity"
},
{
"word": "obviative"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"A grammatical marker that distinguishes a relatively salient referent in a given context from a relatively non-salient (obviative) one."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"marker",
"marker"
],
[
"salient",
"salient"
],
[
"referent",
"referent"
],
[
"obviative",
"obviative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A grammatical marker that distinguishes a relatively salient referent in a given context from a relatively non-salient (obviative) one."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-proximate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/En-proximate.ogg/En-proximate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/En-proximate.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹɔk.sɪ.mət/",
"tags": [
"Australia"
]
}
],
"word": "proximate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "proximāte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "proximāte"
},
"expansion": "proximāte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proximō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person plural present active imperative of proximō"
],
"links": [
[
"proximō",
"proximo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "proximate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for proximate meaning in All languages combined (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.